Following the death of Pope Francis on April 21, 2025, the Vatican is preparing for the sacred and secretive process of selecting his successor: the papal conclave. This centuries-old tradition, steeped in ritual and symbolism, will soon convene within the Sistine Chapel, where eligible cardinals from around the world will gather to elect the next leader of the Catholic Church.
The term "conclave" derives from the Latin cum clave, meaning "with key," reflecting the practice of locking the cardinals away from the outside world during the election. Of the over 250 cardinals globally, approximately 135 are under the age of 80 and thus eligible to vote. Notably, about 110 of these electors were appointed by Pope Francis, suggesting that his progressive vision may influence the selection of his successor.
The conclave is expected to commence between May 5 and May 11, following a nine-day mourning period for Pope Francis. Once convened, the cardinals will enter the Sistine Chapel, and after the declaration of "extra omnes" ("everyone out"), all non-essential personnel will leave, and the doors will be sealed. The electors will then swear an oath of secrecy and will be cut off from all external communication, including phones, newspapers, and television. The chapel is also thoroughly swept for any listening devices to ensure the confidentiality of the proceedings.
Voting occurs up to four times daily, with ballots burned after each round. Black smoke signals an inconclusive vote, while white smoke announces the election of a new pope. A two-thirds majority is required for a candidate to be elected. Upon election, the new pope is asked if he accepts the position and chooses a papal name. He is then dressed in papal garments and presented to the public with the traditional announcement, "Habemus papam" ("We have a pope").
Speculation about potential successors includes Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle of the Philippines, who could become the first Asian pope, and Cardinal Pietro Parolin of Italy, the Vatican's Secretary of State. The selection of a new pope holds significant implications for the direction of the Catholic Church, particularly regarding issues such as inclusivity, interfaith dialogue, and social justice.
As the world watches, the conclave represents not only a pivotal moment for the Catholic faithful but also a reflection of the Church's enduring traditions and its path forward in the modern era.
